Kairouan is Islam's fourth holiest city and the first Islamic capital of the Maghreb, founded in 670 CE by Uqba ibn Nafi. The city houses the Great Mosque of Kairouan, one of the oldest and most significant mosques in the Islamic world, along with the Mosque of the Three Doors and numerous other historic Islamic monuments. As a UNESCO World Heritage site, Kairouan remains a major pilgrimage destination and center of Islamic learning, with its medina preserving traditional Islamic architecture, crafts, and centuries-old religious traditions.